Some of the most interesting ways to represent knowledge in computers using Mathematical structures.
Graphs and graph neural networks
multi-spacial grid cell representations
grid representations
probabilistic programming
holograms
Voronoi tesselations – they allow distance calculations between any concepts https://towardsdatascience.com/the-geometry-of-thought-700047775956
word2vec – its such as simple model, its worth thinking about how to scale this up.